The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It is the most populous country in Africa. Nigeria re-achieved democracy in 1999 after a long sixteen years interruption by corrupt and brutal series of military dictators and counter coups. Nigeria borders Republic of Benin to the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Ibadan, Osogbo, Port Harcourt, Enugu, Kano, Kaduna, Onitsha, Jos, Ilorin, Maiduguri, Bauchi, Sokoto and Benin City. The country's name was made by the wife of Lord Lugard (a British-appointed governor of the country during colonial times. ) The name comes from a combination of the words "Niger" (the country's longest river) and "Area."
Nigeria is located on the Gulf of Guinea. Its major cities are located in southern lowlands. The central part of the country contains hills and plateaus. The north consists of arid plains that border the Sahara. Its neighboring countries are Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon.
Forest and woodland occurs chiefly in the southern third of the country, which is affected by seasonal rains from the Atlantic which occur from June to September. As one progresses northward the country becomes drier and the vegetation more savanna in type. The northern third of the country forms part of the semi-arid sahel region on the fringes of the Sahara desert.
Nigeria is divided roughly in three by the rivers Niger and Benue, which flow through the country from north-east and north-west to meet roughly in the centre of the country near the new capital city of Abuja. From here the united rivers flow south to the sea at the Niger Delta. Its highest point is Chappal Waddi (2,419 m), on the Cameroonian border.
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